ABOUT 1100 METRES
01:30 PM
For Maiden horses, 3 year olds only
Pl | H.No. | Horse Name | Horse Prev.Wt. | Horse Curr.Wt. | Trainer | Jockey | Weight | Al | Dr No. | Won By | Rtg | Time | Book Odds | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 10 | 443 | 438 | D.Netto | Akshay Kumar | 54.5 | 13 | 2 | 33 | 1:07.450 | 5/10 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
2 | 5 | 442 | 443 | Neelesh Rawal | Neeraj Rawal | 54.5 | 9 | 7 3/4 | 0 | 1:07.730 | 5/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
3 | 7 | 440 | 445 | M.Srinivas Reddy | H.M. Akshay | 54.5 | 11 | 5 1/4 | 32 | 1:09.009 | 15/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
4 | 12 | 390 | 392 | Magan Singh Parmar | Mukesh Kumar | 54.5 | 12 | 1/2 | 0 | 1:09.885 | 50/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
5 | 11 | 397 | 397 | S.A. Raza Shehzad | Md.Ismail | 54.5 | 5 | 1/2 | 27 | 1:09.967 | 20/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
6 | 14 | 0 | 429 | L.V.R.Deshmukh | Afroz Khan | 54.5 | 6 | 1/2 | 0 | 1:10.066 | 20/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
7 | 8 | 412 | 402 | L.V.R.Deshmukh | A.Ashhad Asbar | 54.5 | 4 | NECK | 28 | 1:10.160 | 20/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
8 | 6 | 449 | 458 | Bharath Singh | P.Trevor | 54.5 | 8 | 3/4 | 27 | 1:10.213 | 20/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
9 | 4 | 468 | 455 | L.V.R.Deshmukh | Surya Prakash | 56 | 3 | NECK | 30 | 1:10.367 | 20/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
10 | 3 | 0 | 408 | Robin Reddy Kondakalla | G Naresh | 56 | 14 | 1 1/2 | 0 | 1:10.420 | 50/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
11 | 1 | 456 | 456 | R.H.Sequeira | B.R.Kumar | 56 | 1 | 3 1/2 | 31 | 1:10.665 | 20/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
12 | 9 | 420 | 421 | Laxman Singh | Ajay Kumar | 54.5 | 7 | 4 1/4 | 0 | 1:11.227 | 50/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
13 | 13 | 440 | 431 | K.Satheesh | Jodha R S | 54.5 | 10 | 11 3/4 | 27 | 1:11.912 | 20/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
14 | 2 | 0 | 435 | N.Ravinder Singh | Gaurav Singh | 56 | 2 | 0 | 1:13.837 | 50/1 | |||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
Tote Favourite : H.NO.10 N R I HIGH POWER
Time : 1:07.730
Won By : 2,7 3/4,5 1/4,1/2,1/2,1/2,NECK,3/4,NECK,1 1/2,3 1/2,4 1/4,11 3/4,
WIN | PLACE | SHP | THP | SHW | FORECAST | QUINELLA | TANALA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
13 | 11,13,17 | 25 | 35 | 13,14 | 28 | 25 | 79/- (1101 TKTS) |
ABOUT 1800 METRES
2:05 PM
A handicap for horses 5 year olds and upward, rated 20 to 45
Pl | H.No. | Horse Name | Horse Prev.Wt. | Horse Curr.Wt. | Trainer | Jockey | Weight | Al | Dr No. | Won By | Rtg | Time | Book Odds | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 7 | 478 | 476 | G. Shashikanth | Ajay Kumar |
51 (CR 49.5) |
5 | 10 1/2 | 27 | 1:55.186 | 1 1/4 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
2 | 8 | 448 | 447 | A. Imran Khan | P.Sai Kumar |
50.5 (CR 51) |
8 | 2 3/4 | 26 | 1:56.922 | 7/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
3 | 1 | 454 | 465 | A Vatsalya | P.Ajeeth Kumar | 60 | 3 | 2 | 45 | 1:57.379 | 2 1/2 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
4 | 2 | 404 | 413 | Sandeep G | A.Ashhad Asbar | 58.5 | 2 | 2 1/4 | 42 | 1:57.673 | 6/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
5 | 4 | 448 | 452 | Mir Faiyaz Ali Khan | Surya Prakash | 56 | 6 | 6 | 37 | 1:58.029 | 8/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
6 | 5 | 397 | 395 | Jasbir Singh | Kuldeep Singh (Jr) |
55.5 (CR 53) |
4 | NECK | 36 | 1:59.027 | 20/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
7 | 6 | 427 | 430 | K.Satheesh | Nakhat Singh | 51.5 | 1 | 25 1/2 | 28 | 1:59.093 | 20/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
8 | 3 | 451 | 470 | A Vatsalya | H.M. Akshay | 57.5 | 7 | 40 | 2:03.284 | 20/1 | |||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
Tote Favourite : H.NO. 7 TAKE A BREATH
Time : 1:56.922
Won By : 10 1/2,2 3/4,2,2 1/4,6,NECK,25 1/2,
WIN | PLACE | SHP | THP | SHW | FORECAST | QUINELLA | TANALA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
17 | 12,12,11 | 41 | 37 | 10,16 | 93 | 45 | 126/- (543 TKTS) |
ABOUT 2000 METRES
2:40 PM
A handicap for horses 3 year olds and upward, rated 40 to 65
Pl | H.No. | Horse Name | Horse Prev.Wt. | Horse Curr.Wt. | Trainer | Jockey | Weight | Al | Dr No. | Won By | Rtg | Time | Book Odds | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 5 | 464 | 468 | K.S.V.Prasad Raju | P.Sai Kumar | 55.5 | 2 | 3 1/2 | 55 | 2:06.768 | 18/10 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
2 | 6 | 433 | 437 | K.S.V.Prasad Raju | Ajay Kumar |
54.5 (CR 53) |
4 | 1 | 53 | 2:07.328 | 10/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
3 | 3 | 460 | 460 | Neelesh Rawal | Neeraj Rawal | 56 | 5 | 4 1/2 | 56 | 2:07.492 | 12/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
4 | 1 | 470 | 475 | K.Satheesh | Akshay Kumar | 60 | 3 | SHORT HEAD | 64 | 2:08.226 | 10/10 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
5 | 7 | 407 | 404 | L.V.R.Deshmukh | A.Ashhad Asbar | 53.5 | 1 | 40 1/2 | 51 | 2:08.238 | 15/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
6 | 2 | 444 | 446 | K.Satheesh | Md Ekram Alam | 57 | 7 | 13 3/4 | 58 | 2:14.938 | 20/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
7 | 4 | 436 | 441 | K.S.V.Prasad Raju | Santosh Raj N R | 56 | 6 | 56 | 2:17.223 | 20/1 | |||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
Tote Favourite : H.NO. 1 DAPPER LOOK
Time : 2:07.328
Won By : 3 1/2,1,4 1/2,SHORT HEAD,40 1/2,13 3/4,
WIN | PLACE | SHP | THP | SHW | FORECAST | QUINELLA | TANALA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
21 | 10,15,16 | 32 | 31 | 20,39 | 170 | 92 | 526/- (126 TKTS) |
ABOUT 1100 METRES
3:15 PM
A handicap for horses, 4 year olds and upward, rated upto 25.
Pl | H.No. | Horse Name | Horse Prev.Wt. | Horse Curr.Wt. | Trainer | Jockey | Weight | Al | Dr No. | Won By | Rtg | Time | Book Odds | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 412 | 442 | Mir Faiyaz Ali Khan | Deepak Singh | 60 | 12 | 1 | 25 | 1:10.020 | 12/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
2 | 7 | 387 | 385 | S.S.F.Hassan | Akshay Kumar | 58 | 4 | 2 1/4 | 21 | 1:10.203 | 6/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
3 | 8 | 425 | 423 | L.V.R.Deshmukh | Surya Prakash | 57.5 | 2 | 2 | 20 | 1:10.554 | 5/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
4 | 4 | 401 | 399 | S.S.F.Hassan | Ajay Kumar |
59 (CR 57.5) |
9 | 1 1/4 | 23 | 1:10.838 | 20/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
5 | 1 | 425 | 426 | L.V.R.Deshmukh | A.Ashhad Asbar | 60 | 8 | 2 | 25 | 1:11.047 | 4/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
6 | 5 | 428 | 418 | Magan Singh Parmar | Mukesh Kumar | 58.5 | 7 | 3 | 22 | 1:11.325 | 7/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
7 | 6 | 420 | 438 | Magan Singh Parmar | Sonu Kumar |
58.5 (CR 53.5) |
6 | 3 1/2 | 22 | 1:11.820 | 6/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
8 | 13 | 536 | 533 | S.Sreekanth | Kuldeep Singh (Sr) | 53.5 | 5 | 3 3/4 | 12 | 1:12.414 | 20/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
9 | 12 | 429 | 419 | S.Sreekanth | Kuldeep Singh (Jr) |
54 (CR 51.5) |
11 | NECK | 13 | 1:13.029 | 12/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
10 | 11 | 387 | 11 | A Vatsalya | H.M. Akshay | 54.5 | 3 | 4 1/4 | 14 | 1:13.071 | 20/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
11 | 10 | 465 | 468 | K.Satheesh | Jodha R S | 56 | 10 | 5 1/2 | 17 | 1:13.776 | 20/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
12 | 3 | 425 | 454 | Mir Faiyaz Ali Khan | A.A.Vikrant | 59 | 13 | 5 | 23 | 1:14.703 | 20/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
13 | 9 | 417 | 428 | K.Satheesh | Md Ekram Alam | 56.5 | 1 | 18 | 1:15.525 | 20/1 | |||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
Tote Favourite : H.NO. 1 ALWAYS SPECIAL
Time : 1:10.203
Won By : 1,2 1/4,2,1 1/4,2,3,3 1/2,3 3/4,NECK,4 1/4,5 1/2,5,
WIN | PLACE | SHP | THP | SHW | FORECAST | QUINELLA | TANALA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
99 | 23,14,22 | 39 | 52 | 54,19 | 524 | 197 | 1444/- (49 TKTS) |
ABOUT 1600 METRES
3:50 PM
A handicap for horses 3 year olds and upward, rated 60 to 85
Pl | H.No. | Horse Name | Horse Prev.Wt. | Horse Curr.Wt. | Trainer | Jockey | Weight | Al | Dr No. | Won By | Rtg | Time | Book Odds | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 | 443 | 446 | D.Netto | Mukesh Kumar | 60 | 2 | 3 1/2 | 82 | 1:39.225 | 3 1/2 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
2 | 6 | 450 | 450 | K.Satheesh | Md Ekram Alam | 53.5 | 10 | HEAD | 69 | 1:39.804 | 5/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
3 | 8 | 460 | 472 | Bharath Singh | P.Trevor |
53 (CR 53.5) |
1 | 6 1/2 | 68 | 1:39.830 | 7/10 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
4 | 4 | 433 | 434 | Laxman Singh | Yash Narredu | 54 | 9 | 4 1/2 | 70 | 1:40.920 | 15/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
5 | 7 | 512 | 520 | A. Imran Khan | P.Sai Kumar | 53 | 5 | 2 1/4 | 68 | 1:41.655 | 20/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
6 | 5 | 421 | 422 | M.Srinivas Reddy | H.M. Akshay | 54 | 4 | 4 1/4 | 70 | 1:42.017 | 20/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
7 | 10 | 426 | 422 | S.A. Raza Shehzad | K G Likith Appu |
50 (CR 50.5) |
6 | 1/2 | 62 | 1:42.715 | 20/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
8 | 9 | 443 | 451 | Mir Faiyaz Ali Khan | Surya Prakash | 52.5 | 8 | 2 | 67 | 1:42.789 | 20/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
9 | 3 | 466 | 465 | L.V.R.Deshmukh | Kuldeep Singh (Jr) |
56.5 (CR 54) |
3 | 6 3/4 | 75 | 1:43.114 | 20/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
10 | 2 | 460 | 462 | N.Ravinder Singh | B.Nikhil | 57.5 | 7 | 77 | 1:44.246 | 20/1 | |||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
Tote Favourite : H.NO. 8 SECRET SAINT
Time : 1:39.804
Won By : 3 1/2,HEAD,6 1/2,4 1/2,2 1/4,4 1/4,1/2,2,6 3/4,
WIN | PLACE | SHP | THP | SHW | FORECAST | QUINELLA | TANALA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
31 | 12,14,10 | 26 | 80 | 28,46 | 208 | 89 | 239/- (225 TKTS) |
ABOUT 2000 METRES
4:25 PM
For horses, 4 year olds and upward.
Pl | H.No. | Horse Name | Horse Prev.Wt. | Horse Curr.Wt. | Trainer | Jockey | Weight | Al | Dr No. | Won By | Rtg | Time | Book Odds | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 5 | 0 | 468 | S.Waheed | A Sandesh | 54.5 | Fillies and Mares .. 1.5 kgs., | 1 | HEAD | 95 | 2:05.240 | 1 1/2 | |||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
2 | 4 | 488 | 495 | Irfan Ghatala | Vivek G | 55 | Fillies and Mares .. 1.5 kgs., | 6 | SHORT HEAD | 86 | 2:05.261 | 6/1 | |||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
3 | 6 | 0 | 431 | Rajesh Narredu | Yash Narredu | 54.5 | Fillies and Mares .. 1.5 kgs., | 2 | HEAD | 92 | 2:05.279 | 3/1 | |||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
4 | 1 | 486 | 472 | S.S.Attaollahi | P.Trevor | 56 | Fillies and Mares .. 1.5 kgs., | 5 | 9 1/2 | 112 | 2:05.301 | 2 1/2 | |||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
5 | 2 | 403 | 408 | Rajesh Narredu | A.A.Vikrant | 55.5 | Fillies and Mares .. 1.5 kgs., | 3 | 18 | 94 | 2:06.883 | 20/1 | |||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
6 | 7 | 419 | 419 | Magan Singh Parmar | Mukesh Kumar | 53.5 | Fillies and Mares .. 1.5 kgs., | 7 | 1 1/4 | 83 | 2:09.852 | 20/1 | |||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
7 | 3 | 501 | 501 | L D`Silva | Afroz Khan | 55 | Fillies and Mares .. 1.5 kgs., | 4 | 90 | 2:10.062 | 20/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
Tote Favourite : H.NO. 5 PYRITE
Time : 2:05.261
Won By : HEAD,SHORT HEAD,HEAD,9 1/2,18 ,1 1/4,
WIN | PLACE | SHP | THP | SHW | FORECAST | QUINELLA | TANALA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
16 | 10,22,10 | 44 | 27 | 15,23 | 80 | 65 | 262/- (346 TKTS) |
ABOUT 1200 METRES
5:00 PM
A handicap for horses, 4 year olds and upward, rated 20 to 45
Pl | H.No. | Horse Name | Horse Prev.Wt. | Horse Curr.Wt. | Trainer | Jockey | Weight | Al | Dr No. | Won By | Rtg | Time | Book Odds | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 11 | 494 | 495 | K.S.V.Prasad Raju | P.Sai Kumar | 51.5 | 7 | NECK | 28 | 1:15.609 | 11/10 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
2 | 4 | 464 | 461 | Laxman Singh | Akshay Kumar | 58 | 5 | 4 1/4 | 41 | 1:15.678 | 2 1/2 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
3 | 5 | 447 | 443 | A. Imran Khan | Md.Ismail | 57 | 10 | 1/2 | 39 | 1:16.385 | 20/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
4 | 2 | 419 | 409 | M.Srinivas Reddy | H.M. Akshay | 59.5 | 8 | 1 1/4 | 44 | 1:16.469 | 15/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
5 | 9 | 497 | 498 | R.H.Sequeira | B.R.Kumar | 53.5 | 2 | 1 | 32 | 1:16.680 | 20/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
6 | 7 | 501 | 499 | Neelesh Rawal | Shamaz Shareef | 55.5 | 4 | 3/4 | 36 | 1:16.839 | 10/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
7 | 1 | 428 | 439 | L.V.R.Deshmukh | Kuldeep Singh (Jr) |
60 (CR 57.5) |
3 | 1 1/2 | 45 | 1:16.993 | 10/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
8 | 6 | 427 | 426 | Mir Faiyaz Ali Khan | Surya Prakash | 56.5 | 12 | 3/4 | 38 | 1:17.251 | 20/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
9 | 3 | 445 | 449 | K.Satheesh | Sonu Kumar |
58.5 (CR 53.5) |
6 | 3 1/2 | 42 | 1:17.376 | 20/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
10 | 8 | 391 | 389 | S.Sreekanth | Ajay Kumar |
54 (CR 52.5) |
11 | NECK | 33 | 1:17.950 | 20/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
11 | 10 | 423 | 420 | K.Satheesh | Nakhat Singh | 52.5 | 13 | 2 1/4 | 30 | 1:18.018 | 20/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
12 | 14 | 477 | 477 | S.S.F.Hassan | B.Nikhil | 50 | 9 | 1/2 | 25 | 1:18.371 | 20/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
13 | 12 | 421 | 423 | K.Satheesh | Abhay Singh | 51.5 | 14 | 6 1/2 | 28 | 1:18.470 | 20/1 | ||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
14 | 13 | 420 | 424 | Sandeep G | G Naresh | 51.5 | 1 | 28 | 1:19.532 | 20/1 | |||||||||||||
Previous Outings
|
Tote Favourite : H.NO.11 CHERISH THE LADY
Time : 1:15.678
Won By : NECK,4 1/4,1/2,1 1/4,1,3/4,1 1/2,3/4,3 1/2,NECK,2 1/4,1/2,6 1/2,
WIN | PLACE | SHP | THP | SHW | FORECAST | QUINELLA | TANALA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
17 | 15,14,46 | 24 | 123 | 10,24 | 43 | 26 | 561/- (185 TKTS) |
TREBLE 1 | 793/- (44 TKTS) | Winning Combination | 07-05-02 |
TREBLE 2 | 246/- (204 TKTS) | Winning Combination | 01-05-11 |
1st JACKPOT 30% | 908/- (206 TKTS) | Winning Combination | 05-02-01-05 |
1st JACKPOT 70% | 6,150/- (71 TKTS) | Winning Combination | 05-02-01-05-11 |
1st MINI JACKPOT | 1,923/- (40 TKTS) | Winning Combination | 10-07-05-02 |
2nd MINI JACKPOT | 2,899/- (28 TKTS) | Winning Combination | 02-01-05-11 |
16-10-1,A/1,
Malakpet, Hyderabad ,
Telangana,
INDIA- 500036
Stay in touch interested in receiving instant racing updates and happenings from HRC!!
Copyright © 2021 Hyderabad Race Club. All rights reserved.
Website by